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Collapsing security and return of Taliban
¹«³ÊÁø ¾ÈÀü, Å»·¹¹ÝÀÇ º¹±Í

Five years after their removal from power, the Taliban is back and has strong psychological and de facto military control over half of Afghanistan. Having assumed responsibility for the country in 2001, the United States-led international community has failed to achieve stability and security in Afghanistan. Attacks are perpetrated on a daily basis; several provinces, particularly those of the South, considered safe just weeks ago, are now experiencing regular suicide bombings, murders, and ambushes.
Å»·¹¹ÝÀÌ Á¦°ÅµÈ Áö 5³â, Å»·¹¹ÝÀÌ º¹±ÍÇÏ°í ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅºÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀÌ ³Ñ´Â Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ Å»·¹¹ÝÀº ½É¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î »ç½Ç»ó ±º»çÀûÀ¸·Î Áö¹èÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. 2001³â¿¡ ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅºÀ» Ã¥ÀÓÁö±â·Î ÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ ÁÖµµ ±¹Á¦»çȸ´Â ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅº¿¡¼­ ¾ÈÁ¤°ú ¾ÈÀüÀ» È®º¸Çϴµ¥ ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù. ±º»ç°ø°ÝÀº ¸ÅÀÏ ¼öÇàµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸î ÁÖ Àü±îÁö¸¸ ÇØµµ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¿©°ÜÁ³´ø ³²ºÎÀÇ ¸î °³ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â ÀÚ»ìÆøÅº, »ìÀÎ, ±â½À°ø°Ý µîÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

The international military coalitions in Afghanistan of the US-led Operation Enduring Freedom and the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) are fuelling resentment and fear among the Afghan population. The distinctions between the two are extremely blurred, with the NATO-led ISAF now constantly engaged in war operations. Afghans see the international military coalitions as taking sides in a civil war situation, and as NATO-ISAF troops retreat to their fortified military compounds in southern Afghanistan, locals perceive that the Taliban-led insurgents are once again defeating global military powers.
¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅº¿¡¼­´Â ¹Ì±¹ ÁÖµµÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¼öÈ£ÀÛÀü ºÎ´ë¿Í NATO ÁÖµµÀÇ ±¹Á¦¾ÈÀüÁö¿ø±º(ISAF)ÀÌ È°µ¿Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¾ÆÇÁ°£ ÁÖ¹Îµé »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ºÐ³ë¿Í µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Ù. NATO ÁÖµµÀÇ ISAF±ºÀÌ °è¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ÀüÅõ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÔÀ¸·Î¼­ ÀÌ µÎ ºÎ´ë °£ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡Àº °ÅÀÇ »ç¶óÁ³´Ù. ¾ÆÇÁ°£ ÀεéÀº ±¹Á¦±º»çµ¿¸ÍÀÌ ³»Àü»óȲ¿¡¼­ Æí °¡¸£±â¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç NATOÀÇ ISAF±ºÀÌ ³²ºÎ ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅº¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀÇ ¿ä»õ·Î ÈÄÅðÇÔÀ¸·Î¼­ ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅº ÀεéÀº Å»·¹¹Ý ¹Ý±ºÀÌ ´Ù½Ã ÇÑ ¹ø ±¹Á¦±º»ç·ÂÀ» ¹°¸®ÃÆ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.

Failure to address Afghanistan¡®s extreme poverty fuelling support for Taliban
¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅºÀÇ ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ºó°ïÇØ°á ½ÇÆÐ°¡ Å»·¹¹Ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿ø °¡¼Ó

After five years of international donor pledges to provide resources and assistance to Afghanistan, Afghans are starving to death, and there is evidence that poverty is driving support for the Taliban. Prioritising military-based security, the United States's and United Kingdom¡®s focus on counter-terrorism initiatives and militaristic responses to Afghanistan's opium crisis has undermined the local and international development community's abilities to respond to Afghanistan¡®s many poverty-related challenges.
¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅº¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹°ÀÚ¿Í Áö¿øÀ» Á¦°øÇϰڴٴ ±¹Á¦»çȸÀÇ ¾à¼ÓÀÌ ÀÖÀº Áö 5³â, ¾ÆÇÁ°£ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±¾¾î Á׾°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ºó°ïÀÌ Å»·¹¹Ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿øÀ» º¸³»´Â µ¿±â°¡ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÏ´Ù. ±º»ç·ÂÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¾ÈÀüÀ» ¿ì¼±½Ã Çß´ø ¹Ì±¹°ú ¿µ±¹Àº ¹Ý Å×·¯ÀÛÀü°ú ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅºÀÇ ¸¶¾à¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±º»çÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëÀÀÇÔÀ¸·Î¼­ ¾ÆÇÁ°£ ³»ºÎ¿Í ±¹Á¦»çȸ¿¡¼­ ÃßÁø ÁßÀÎ ºó°ï°ü·Ã ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÀÀ ´É·ÂÀ» ¶³¾î¶ß¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù.  

US and UK counter-narcotics strategies have acceleratedand compounded all of Afghanistan¡®s problems
¹Ì±¹°ú ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¹Ý ¸¶¾à ÀÛÀüÀº ¸ðµç ¾ÆÇÁ°£ ¹®Á¦¸¦ °¡¼ÓÈ­ÇÏ°í º¹ÀâÈ­½ÃŲ´Ù.

By focusing aid funds away from development and poverty relief, failed counter-narcotics policies have hijacked the international community's nation-building efforts in the country and undermined Afghanistan's democratically elected government. Poppy cultivation is a food survival strategy for millions of Afghans, and the United States and United Kingdom-led poppy eradication policies are fuelling violence and insecurity.
Áö¿ø ÀÚ±ÝÀÌ °³¹ß°ú ºó°ïÅðÄ¡¸¦ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ½À¸·Î¼­, ½ÇÆÐÇÑ ¹Ý ¸¶¾àÁ¤Ã¥Àº ±¹Á¦»çȸÀÇ ±¹°¡Àç°Ç ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇêµÇ°Ô ÇßÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¹ÎÁÖÀû ÀýÂ÷¿¡ µû¶ó ¼±ÃâµÈ ¾ÆÇÁ°£ Á¤ºÎ¸¦ ¾àÈ­½ÃÄ×´Ù. ¾ç±Íºñ °æÀÛÀº ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ ¾ÆÇÁ°£ Áֹε鿡°Ô´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀ¸·Î »ýÁ¸¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¹Ì±¹°ú ¿µ±¹ÀÌ ÁÖµµÇÏ´Â ¾ç±Íºñ Á¦°Å Á¤Ã¥Àº Æø·Â°ú ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤¿¡ ±â¸§À» ºÎ¾ú´Ù.

Afghan central government legitimacy and effectiveness undermined by US-led international community's approaches in Afghanistan
¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅº¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ ÁÖµµÀÇ ±¹Á¦»çȸ Á¢±Ù ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ¾ÆÇÁ°£ Áß¾ÓÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ´çÀ§¼º°ú È¿°ú¼ºÀ» ¼Õ»ó½ÃÄ×´Ù.

Five years of internationally lauded democracy-building achievements in Afghanistan mask the growing scepticism with which Afghans view their central government. Increasingly, Afghans perceive that their government is accountable to international donors, and not to the Afghans themselves. In establishing democratic institutions, the international community raised expectations high, yet stood back as the United States and United Kingdom undercut the Afghan government's ability to deliver on these expectations by forcing the adoption and implementation of militaristic counter-narcotics policies. Failed counter-narcotics policies have undermined the legitimacy of the Afghan government.
5³â°£ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ȯ¿µ¹Þ´ø ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅº ¹ÎÁÖÈ­ ´Þ¼ºÀº ¾ÆÇÁ°£ ÀÎÀÇ Áß¾ÓÁ¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È¸ÀÇÀûÀÎ ½Ã°¢À» ¼û±â°í ÀÖ´Ù.  ³ª¾Æ°¡, ¾ÆÇÁ°£ ÀεéÀº Áß¾ÓÁ¤ºÎ°¡ ¾ÆÇÁ°£ Áֹκ¸´Ù´Â ±¹Á¦¿øÁ¶±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´«Ä¡¸¦ º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ¹ÎÁÖÈ­ Á¤ºÎ¸¦ ¼³¸³Çϸ鼭 ±¹Á¦»çȸ´Â ±â´ëÄ¡¸¦ ³ô°Ô ¼³Á¤ÇßÁö¸¸ ¹Ì±¹°ú ¿µ±¹Àº ±º»ç·ÂÀ» µ¿¿øÇÑ ¹Ý ¸¶¾àÁ¤Ã¥À» °­Á¦·Î äÅÃ, ½ÇÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´ëÄ¡¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ·Á´Â ¾ÆÇÁ°£ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÄ×´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ¸éÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ½ÇÆÐÇÑ ¹Ý ¸¶¾àÁ¤Ã¥Àº ¾ÆÇÁ°£ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ´çÀ§¼ºÀ» ¼Õ»ó½ÃÄ×´Ù.

Nation-building sequencing in wrong order
À߸øµÈ ¼ø¼­ÀÇ ±¹°¡Àç°Ç

Massive international expenditure on security illustrates that right from 2001, the international community's priorities for Afghanistan were not in line with those of the Afghan population. Rather, for the past five years, the US-led international community has prioritised military-focused security over the relief of Afghans's extreme poverty and economic instability. Military expenditure outpaces development and reconstruction spending by 900%. An intensive and extended focus on relieving the poverty of Afghans could have created a solid foundation on which to re-build Afghanistan. Instead, because the fight against poverty has not been prioritised, the international community's democracy-building efforts are collapsing as Afghans starve.
2001³âºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ¾ÆÇÁ°£ ¾ÈÀüÀ» À§ÇÑ ±¹Á¦»çȸÀÇ ¾öû³­ ÁöÃâÀº ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅº¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¹Á¦»çȸÀÇ ¿ì¼±Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ ¾ÆÇÁ°£ ÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ ¿ì¼±Á¤Ã¥°ú´Â ÀüÇô ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¼³¸íÇØÁØ´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á Áö³­ 5³â°£ ¹Ì±¹ ÁÖµµÀÇ ±¹Á¦»çȸ´Â ¾ÆÇÁ°£ÀÇ ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ºó°ï°ú °æÁ¦ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ ÇØ°áº¸´Ù´Â ±º»ç·Â¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃá ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ¿ì¼±±ÇÀ» µÎ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ±º»çºñ ÁöÃâÀº ¾ÆÇÁ°£ °³¹ß°ú Àç°Çºñ¿ëº¸´Ù 900%ÀÌ»ó ¸¹Àº ÁöÃâÀ» Çß´Ù. ¾ÆÇÁ°£ ºó°ï ÅðÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °­·ÂÇÏ°í Æ÷°ýÀûÀÎ ³ë·ÂÀÌ ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅºÀ» Àç°ÇÇÒ ¼ö Àִ ưưÇÑ ±âÃʸ¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸ ºó°ï°úÀÇ ÀüÀïÀÌ ¿ì¼±Á¤Ã¥¿¡¼­ ¹Ð·Á³²À¸·Î¼­ ±¹Á¦»çȸÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖÈ­ ±¸Ãà³ë·ÂÀº ¾ÆÇÁ°£ ±¹¹ÎµéÀÇ ±¾ÁÖ¸²À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹«³ÊÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù.




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